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Jekyll and Hyde
Plot, Themes, Context and key vocabulary booklet
Name:
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Plot
Chapter 1 -
Story of the
Door
Mr Utterson and his cousin Mr Enfield are out for a walk when they pass a strange-looking door
(which we later learn is the entrance to Dr Jekyll's laboratory). Enfield recalls a story involving the
door. In the early hours of one winter morning, he says, he saw a man trampling on a young girl. He
chased the man and brought him back to the scene of the crime. (The reader later learns that the man
is Mr Hyde.)
A crowd gathered and, to avoid a scene, the man offered to pay the girl compensation. This was
accepted, and he opened the door with a key and re-emerged with a large cheque.
Utterson is very interested in the case and asks whether Enfield is certain Hyde used a key to open the
door. Enfield is sure he did.
Chapter 2 -
Search for
Mr Hyde
That evening the lawyer, Utterson, is troubled by what he has heard. He takes the will of his friend Dr
Jekyll from his safe. It contains a worrying instruction: in the event of Dr Jekyll's disappearance, all his
possessions are to go to a Mr Hyde.
Utterson decides to visit Dr Lanyon, an old friend of his and Dr Jekyll's. Lanyon has never heard of
Hyde, and not seen Jekyll for ten years. That night Utterson has terrible nightmares.
He starts watching the door (which belongs to Dr Jekyll's old laboratory) at all hours, and eventually
sees Hyde unlocking it. Utterson is shocked by the sense of evil coming from him.
Utterson goes next door to warn his friend, Jekyll, against Hyde, but is told by the servant, Poole, that
Jekyll is out and the servants have all been instructed by Jekyll to obey Hyde.
Utterson is worried that Hyde may kill Jekyll to benefit from the will.
Chapter 3 -
Dr Jekyll
Was Quite at
Ease
Two weeks later, following a dinner party with friends at Jekyll's house, Utterson stays behind to talk
to him about the will.
Jekyll laughs off Utterson's worries, comparing them to Lanyon's 'hidebound' (conventional and
unadventurous) attitude to medical science. The reader now sees why Lanyon and Jekyll have fallen
out, and starts to understand that Jekyll's behaviour has become unusual.
Utterson persists with the subject of the will. Jekyll hints at a strange relationship between himself
and Hyde. Although he trusts Utterson, Jekyll refuses to reveal the details. He asks him, as his lawyer
not his friend, to make sure the will is carried out. He reassures him that 'the moment I choose, I can
be rid of Mr Hyde'.
Chapter 4 -
The Carew
Murder Case
Nearly a year later, an elderly gentleman is brutally clubbed to death in the street by Hyde. The
murder is witnessed by a maid who recognises Hyde.
Utterson recognises the murder weapon as the broken half of a walking cane he gave to Jekyll years
earlier. When he hears that the murderer is Hyde, he offers to lead the police to his house.
They are told that Hyde has not been at home for two months. But when they search the house they
find the other half of the murder weapon and signs of a hasty exit.
Chapter 5 -
Incident of
the Letter
Utterson goes to Jekyll's house and finds him 'looking deadly sick'. He asks whether he is hiding Hyde.
Jekyll assures him he will never see or hear of Hyde again. He shows Utterson a letter from Hyde that
indicates this.
Utterson asks Guest, his head clerk, to compare the handwriting on the letter to that on an invitation
from Jekyll. There is a resemblance between the two, though with a different slope. Utterson believes
Jekyll has forged the letter in Hyde's handwriting to cover his escape.
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Chapter 6 -
Remarkable
Incident of
Dr Lanyon
The police cannot find Hyde. Coincidentally, Jekyll seems happier and, for two months, he socialises
again.
Suddenly, however, he appears depressed and will not see Utterson. Utterson visits Dr Lanyon to
discuss their friend's health, but finds Lanyon on his death-bed.
Lanyon refuses to discuss Jekyll who, he hints, is the cause of his illness.
Trying to find out what has happened, Utterson writes to Jekyll. He receives a reply which suggests
Jekyll has fallen into a very disturbed state and talks of being 'under a dark influence'.
Lanyon dies and leaves a letter for Utterson in an envelope marked 'not to be opened till the death or
disappearance of Dr Henry Jekyll'. Utterson, being a good lawyer, locks it away unopened in his safe.
Utterson tries to revisit Jekyll several times, but his servant, Poole, says he is living in isolation and will
not see anyone.
Chapter 7 -
Incident at
the Window
Utterson and Enfield are taking one of their walks, as at the opening of the book. They pass Jekyll's
window and see him looking like a prisoner in solitary confinement. Utterson calls out to him and
Jekyll replies, but his face suddenly freezes in an expression of 'abject terror and despair'. The change
in Jekyll's expression is so sudden and horrible it 'froze the very blood of the two gentlemen below',
and they depart in silence.
Chapter 8 -
The Last
Night
One evening, Jekyll's servant comes to Utterson and asks him to come to Jekyll's house. They go to
the laboratory, but the door is locked. The voice from inside does not sound like Jekyll's and both men
believe it is Hyde.
Poole says the voice has for days been crying out for a particular chemical to be brought, but the
chemicals given have been rejected as 'not pure'. Poole says that earlier he caught a glimpse of a
person in the lab who looked scarcely human.
They break down the door and inside find a body, twitching. In its hand are the remains of a test tube
(or vial). The body is smaller than Jekyll's but wearing clothes that would fit him.
On the table is a will dated that day which leaves everything to Utterson, with Hyde's name crossed
out. There is also a package containing Jekyll's 'confession' and a letter asking Utterson to read Dr
Lanyon's letter which he left after his death and is now in Utterson's safe. Utterson tells Poole he will
return before midnight, when he has read all the documents.
Chapter 9 -
Dr Lanyon's
Narrative
Chapter 9 lists the contents of Dr Lanyon's letter. It tells of how Lanyon received a letter from Jekyll
asking him to collect a drawer containing chemicals, a vial and a notebook from Jekyll's laboratory and
to give it to a man who would call at midnight. Lanyon says he was curious, especially as the book
contained some strange entries.
At midnight a man appears. He is small and grotesque, wearing clothes that are too large for him. The
man offers to take the chemicals away, or to drink the potion. Lanyon accepts and, before his very
eyes, Hyde transforms into none other than Dr Jekyll.
In horror at what he has witnessed, Lanyon becomes seriously ill.
Chapter 10 -
Henry
Jekyll's Full
Statement
of the Case
Jekyll tells the story of how he turned into Hyde. It began as scientific curiosity in the duality of human
nature ( the good and evil sides), and his attempt to destroy the 'darker self'. Eventually, however, he
became addicted to the character of Hyde, who increasingly took over and destroyed him.
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Characters
Dr Henry Jekyll
Mr Edward
Hyde
Gabriel
Utterson
Dr Hastie
Lanyon
Richard Enfield
Poole
Sir Danvers
Carew
Historical and literary Context (A03) and themes
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a novel by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson first
published in 1886.
Fin-de-siècle (end of the century) fears – at the end of the 19
th
century, there were growing fears about:
migration and the threats of disease; sexuality and promiscuity; moral degeneration and decadence.
Context: Victorian values
From the 1850s to the turn of the century, British society
outwardly displayed values of sexual restraint, low tolerance of
crime, religious morality and a strict social code of conduct.
For the middle class in the 19
th
century, the family unit and all it
stood for was the most important institution in England. Middle
class morality and values were all important - piano legs were
called limbs ("legs" was considered an improper word),
gambling became a sin, and certain things were considered "not
proper". The home and family were sacred, hard work and
perseverance were encouraged, and a stiff authoritarianism
controlled those who might question "the system".
In many ways, the Victorians were hypocrites because they claimed to be moral and pious in ways
they were not. They shut their eyes to whatever was ugly and unpleasant around them. In some
way, perhaps they hoped to draw attention away from their own hypocrisies by pointing out the
hypocrisies in others.
The pious nature of Victorian society meant
that many people suppressed their desires and
feelings. This resulted in many people
questioning their 'goodness' as a human being
due to the fact that religion condemned these
'evil' thoughts.
Theme: The Importance of Reputation
For the characters in Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde, preserving one’s reputation emerges as
all important. The importance of this value system is clear in the way that upright (respectable)
men such as Utterson and Enfield avoid gossip at all costs; they see gossip as a great destroyer of
reputation. Similarly, when Utterson suspects Jekyll first of being blackmailed and then of sheltering
Hyde from the police, he does not make his suspicions known; part of being Jekyll’s good friend is a
willingness to keep his secrets and not ruin his respectability. The importance of reputation in the
novel also reflects the importance of appearances, facades, and surfaces, which often hide a sordid
underside. In many instances in the novel, Utterson, true to his Victorian society, adamantly wishes
not only to preserve Jekyll’s reputation but also to preserve the appearance of order and decorum,
even as he senses a vile truth lurking underneath.
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Context: Fear of scientific progress
In the Victorian era, religion was important to communities and
individuals. Many people believed that God created the
universe and he was the sole creator, therefore the principles
and the word of the Bible must be followed.
Due to the society's interest in religion, people were afraid of
scientific developments and feared what this would do to mankind. Charles Darwin wrote
the Origins of the Species in 1859. It was a text that shook Victorian society and was condemned
and banned due to its theory that God had not created the universe as outlined in the Bible.
Consequently, people were cautious of science and its developments.
+ The implications of Darwinism and evolution haunted Victorian society. The idea that humans
evolved from apes and amphibians led to worries about the possibility of humans going back to
these primitive states. This worry might be why Stevenson describes Mr Hyde as ‘ape-like’ and
‘troglodytic’ in Jekyll and Hyde; the implication is that the brutal and uncivilised Hyde is somehow a
reversion to a more primitive stage of human development.
Physiognomy – Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso (1835-
1909) introduced a theory (which has been dismissed as
completely unscientific) that the ‘born criminal’ could be
recognised by physical characteristics, such as asymmetrical
facial features, long arms or a sloping forehead.
+ Mr Hyde’s ‘troglodytic’ (non-human / apelike) appearance in
Jekyll and Hyde marks him out as a criminal and as someone who
is unacceptable in polite society. The fact that Dr Jekyll, who is
highly respected, and Mr Hyde who is a social outcast happen to
be one and the same person, allows Stevenson to simultaneously
accept Lombroso’s theory (in the depiction of Hyde) and refute it
(in the appearance of Jekyll). This implication that the criminal could lurk behind an acceptable
public persona, and that appearances might provide no real indication of the personality within,
rendered Jekyll and Hyde a particularly disturbing work during the late 1880s as Jack the Ripper
carried out his attacks in Whitechapel.
Context: Victorian London and urban terror – the population of 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million in
1900, with a huge numbers migrating from Europe. It became the biggest city in the world and a
global capital for politics, finance and trade. The city grew wealthy.
As London grew wealthy, so poverty in the city also grew. The overcrowded city became rife with
crime (it happened frequently everywhere). The crowd as something that could hide sinister
individuals became a trope (a common idea or theme) of Gothic and detective literature.
Theme: Throughout the novel, Stevenson goes out of his way to establish a link between the urban
landscape of Victorian London and the dark events surrounding Hyde. He achieves his desired effect
through the use of nightmarish imagery, in which dark streets twist and coil, or lie draped in fog,
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forming a sinister landscape befitting the crimes that take place there. Chilling visions of the city
appear in Utterson’s nightmares as well, and the text notes that
He would be aware of the great field of lamps of a nocturnal city. . . . The figure [of Hyde] . . .
haunted the lawyer all night; and if at any time he dozed over, it was but to see it glide more
stealthily through sleeping houses, or move the more swiftly . . . through wider labyrinths of lamp-
lighted city, and at every street corner crush a child and leave her screaming.
In such images, Stevenson paints Hyde as an urban creature, utterly at home in the darkness of
London—where countless crimes take place, the novel suggests, without anyone knowing.
Context: Robert Louis Stevenson was born and raised in Edinburgh, giving him the dual identity of
being both Scottish and British. Edinburgh was a city of two sides - he was raised in the wealthy
New Town area, but spent his youth exploring the darker, more sinister side of town.
Context: Deacon Brodie – a respectable member of Edinburgh’s society and town councilor, William
Brodie lead a secret life as a burglar, womaniser and gambler. He was hanged in 1788 for his crimes.
As a youth, Stevenson wrote a play about him.
Theme: The duality of human nature:
Stevenson writes about the duality of human nature – the idea that every single human being has
good and evil within them. Stevenson describes how there is a good and an evil side to everyone's
personality, but what is important is how you behave and the decisions you make. The choices
people make determine whether a person is good or not.
In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Dr Jekyll is a well-respected, intelligent scientist who secretly has a dark,
immoral side to his personality. This side of his personality is not active, however, he decides to
activate it through his experiments. This side becomes active through the persona of Mr Hyde - a
criminal man who commits cruel acts of violence against others. Through this change in Jekyll's
character, Stevenson shows the duality in human nature - the idea that everyone is capable of good
and evil deeds.
+ Gothic fiction had examined the idea of the sinister alter ego or double before on many occasions
but Stevenson’s genius with Jekyll and Hyde was to show the dual nature not only of one man but
also of society in general. Throughout the story, respectability is doubled with degradation; abandon
with restraint; honesty with duplicity. Even London itself has a dual nature, with its respectable
streets existing side-by-side with areas notorious for their squalor and violence.
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2.The House of Dr John Hunter’s House
in London (1837). Hunter carried out
experiments on human and animal
bodies in his own home.
3.A Double Exposure of Richard
Mansfield in the play of Jekyll & Hyde
(1887).
+symbolising…
4.The Police News (1864-1938) told
stories of violent crimes. It followed
the story of Jack the Ripper closely.
5.The “science” of Phrenology claimed
that criminals were ‘devolved’ human
specimens. Inner corruption was meant
to deform their bodies on the surface.
6.“Who or What is Jack the Ripper?”
(1888). Could Jack the Ripper look like
a respectable gentleman? The public
was terrified.
7. Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley.
A scientist puts a dead criminal’s brain
in a corpse and brings it to life. Bad
idea.
8.The Island of Dr Moreau (1896) by
HG Wells.
A scientist combines humans and
animals to accelerate evolution. He
create hybrids. Bad idea.
9. Dracula (1897) by Bram Stoker.
A respectable and attractive gentleman
moves to London. He’s actually a 600
year old vampire that drinks the blood
of virgins and turns into a wolf-beast.
1.Charles Darwin’s “The Descent of
Man” (1871) caused anxiety that man
has evolved from ‘mere beasts’.
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‘Man is not truly one, but truly two’: duality in Robert Louis
Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Greg Buzwell considers duality in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, exploring how the
novel engages with contemporary debates about evolution, degeneration, consciousness and
criminal psychology.
Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) is a late-Victorian
variation on ideas first raised in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818). Stevenson’s monster,
however, is not artificially created from stitched-together body parts, but rather emerges fully
formed from the dark side of the human personality. In the story Dr Jekyll, an admired member of
the professional Victorian middle-classes, conducts a series of scientific experiments which
unleash from his own psyche the ‘bestial’ and ‘ape-like’ Mr Hyde (ch. 10). Gothic fiction had
examined the idea of the sinister alter ego or double before on many occasions but Stevenson’s
genius with Jekyll and Hyde was to show the dual nature not only of one man but also of society
in general. Throughout the story, respectability is doubled with degradation; desire with restraint;
honesty with deceit. Even London itself has a dual nature, with its respectable streets existing
side-by-side with areas notorious for their squalor and violence.
Viewed on a simple level, Dr Jekyll is a good man, much admired in his profession. Mr Hyde,
meanwhile, is evil. He is a murderer; a monster who tramples upon a small girl simply because
she happens to be in his way. On a deeper level, however, the comparison is not merely
between good and evil but between evolution and degeneration. Throughout the narrative Mr
Hyde’s physical appearance provokes disgust. He is described as ‘ape-like’, ‘troglodytic’ and
‘hardly human’ (ch. 2). As Mr Enfield, a well-known man about town and distant relative of
Jekyll’s friend Mr Utterson, observes ‘There is something wrong with his appearance; something
displeasing, something downright detestable’ (ch. 1).
Some 15 years before Jekyll and Hyde, Charles Darwin had published The Descent of
Man (1871), a book in which he concluded that humankind had ‘descended from a hairy, tailed
quadruped’ which was itself ‘probably derived from an ancient marsupial animal’.
[1]
Going back
even further, Darwin hypothesised that these stages of evolution had been preceded, in a direct
line, by ‘some amphibian-like creature, and this again from some fish-like animal’. Such a
nightmarish biological lineage that denied the specialness of humans, feeds into many late-
Victorian Gothic novels. Dracula’s ability to transform into the shape of a wolf or a bat is one
example, while Dr Moreau’s experiments upon the hapless animals on his island as he attempts
a barbaric form of accelerated evolution is another.
Stevenson’s portrayal of Hyde works in a similar fashion. Mr Hyde is regarded as physically
detestable but perhaps only because he subconsciously reminds those he encounters of their
own distant evolutionary inheritance. When Dr Jekyll’s medical colleague, Dr Lanyon, witnesses
Hyde transform back into Jekyll, the knowledge that the ugly, murderous beast exists within the
respectable Victorian scientist sends him first to his sick-bed, and then to an early grave.
Double lives and misleading appearances
The depiction of Dr Jekyll’s house was possibly based on the residence of famous surgeon John
Hunter (1728-1793), whose respectable and renowned house in Leicester Square in the late 18th
century also had a secret. In order to teach and to gain knowledge about human anatomy,
Hunter required human cadavers, many of them supplied by ‘resurrection men’ who robbed fresh
graves. These were brought, usually at night, to the back entrance of the house, which had a
drawbridge leading to the preparation rooms and lecture-theatre.
The front aspect of Dr Jekyll’s house presents a ‘great air of wealth and comfort’ (ch. 2).
Meanwhile Mr Hyde, soon after we first encounter him, is seen entering a building which displays
an air of ‘prolonged and sordid negligence’ (ch.1). The twist is that the reputable front and the
rundown rear form two sides of the same property. Stevenson is not only making the point that
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the respectable and the disreputable frequently exist in close proximity, but also that a
respectable façade is no guarantee against dark secrets lurking within.
In a similar fashion, the seemingly decent Mr Enfield, a friend of the lawyer Mr Utterson, first
encounters Hyde while ‘coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three
o’clock of a black winter morning’ (ch. 1). Exactly where Mr Enfield has been, and what he has
been up to, are never made clear but it sounds far from innocent. Throughout the book the
people and events that initially seem innocent and straightforward become dark and sinister
when viewed more closely.
Double-consciousness
Just as the differing appearances of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde play upon the theories emerging from
Charles Darwin’s work, so their differing personalities explore contemporary debates about moral
behaviour and the possible plurality of human consciousness. By literally splitting the
consciousness of Dr Jekyll into two – the decent side that attempts, and largely succeeds, in
suppressing desires that run contrary to the dictates of society; and the amoral side that runs riot
in an attempt to gratify animal desire – Stevenson explores in a heightened fashion the battles
played out in every one of us. As Dr Jekyll observes ‘I saw that, of the two natures that
contended in the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only
because I was radically both’ (ch. 10).
Through Hyde, the respectable Dr Jekyll is freed from the restraints imposed by society – ‘my
devil had been long caged, he came out roaring’ (ch. 10). In his confession at the end of the
book, Jekyll observes that, ultimately, he will have to choose between being Dr Jekyll or Mr
Hyde. To become the latter would mean giving up on noble aspirations and being ‘forever
despised and friendless’. (ch. 10) To become Jekyll, however, means giving up the sensual and
disreputable appetites he can indulge as Hyde. In spite of the curious circumstances of his own
case it is, as the melancholy Jekyll observes, a struggle and debate ‘as old and commonplace as
man’ (ch. 10).
Criminal Psychology
In a macabre twist, events from real life began to overlay themselves upon the narrative. The
Whitechapel Murders occurred in the autumn of 1888, two years after the publication of Jekyll
and Hyde, and the real murderer and the fictitious Mr Hyde were swiftly paired in the public
imagination. Indeed, the murders became so entangled with the story, Richard Mansfield who
famously played Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde in the stage adaptation produced a year after the
publication of the novel, was accused of being the Ripper murderer by a member of the
public. When Hyde attacks Sir Danvers Carew he beats him to death with his walking stick,
commenting afterwards ‘With a transport of glee, I mauled the unresisting body, tasting delight
from every blow’ (ch. 10). The ferocity of the attack mirrors the intensity of the Ripper murders.
Jekyll and Hyde pointed towards an unpalatable truth. Mr Hyde, with his ‘ape-like’ appearance
conformed to contemporary criminological theory in which delinquents displayed visible traits
indicative of their unpalatable natures. Dr Jekyll, however, a ‘large, well-made, smooth-faced
man of fifty’ would not conform to such a theory and yet, as we know, Jekyll and Hyde are one
and the same; two faces of a single personality (ch. 3). This leads to the uncomfortable
possibility that one could pass a monster such as Jack the Ripper in the street and yet only see a
respectable, civilised gentleman exhibiting absolutely no trace of the depraved killer lurking within
Jekyll and Hyde and Jack the Ripper.
Do Now: Use your Key Word Sheet
Pious means…
The Middle Class Victorians tended to have pious views about good
and evil. In other words…
Degenerate means…
The Victorian Middle Classes often had anxiety that civilisation
was becoming degenerate. In other words…
Hypocritical means…
Due to human weakness, we are often hypocritical. More
specifically…
Read the Plot Summary for Chapters 1-4
Character Name
Actions in the story (+chapter number)
Mr Utterson
1. Listens to Mr Enfield’s story of Mr Hyde (Chapter 1)
2. Checks Dr Jekyll’s Will +and suspects Blackmail (Chapter 2)
3. Watches Mr Hyde’s doorway every night (Chapter 2)
4. Encounters Hyde and…
5.
Mr Enfield
Mr Hyde
Dr Jekyll
Dr Lanyon
Poole
Mr Utterson’s motivation in chapter 2 is concern that his friend, Jekyll, is being manipulated by
a degenerate individual. In other words… +because….. More specifically…
What, exactly, does Hyde do to avoid capture in Enfield’s story in Chapter 1? Well, for a start
he… +most significantly, he… ++Knowing what we know, why does he really fear being locked
up by the police?
++Mr Utterson claims that Mr Hyde seemed “almost troglodytic” in Chapter 2. In other words… +Given the
scientific historical context, t is unsurprising that Mr Utterson should use this particular word because…
+almost as if… Evolution degenerate savage or even Neanderthal* mindless violence
Do Now: Use your Key Word Sheet
Pious
means…
The Middle Class Victorians tended to have pious views about good and evil. In
other words…
Degenerate
means…
The Victorian Middle Classes often had anxiety that civilisation was becoming
degenerate. In other words…
Read the Plot Summary for Chapters 4-10
Chapter…
Actions in the story
4
What x2 events occur in Chapter 4 and what do we learn?
5
What x2 events occur in Chapter 5 and what do we learn?
6
What x2 events occur in Chapter 6 and what do we learn?
7
What x2 events occur in Chapter 7 and what do we learn?
8
What x4 events occur in Chapter 8 and what do we learn?
9
Chapter 9 is Dr Lanyon’s Letter to Mr Utterson. What secret did Lanyon keep?
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Chapter 10 is “Dr Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case”. In other words, it is the whole
story in Dr Jekyll’s own words. By the time Mr Utterson reads it, Dr Jekyll is already dead.
Utterson found this Statement in Jekyll’s laboratory. It tells us that:
1) Jekyll originally wanted to separate man’s evil nature from his good.
2) He began to enjoy the thrill of being Mr Hyde – even though he felt guilty
afterwards.
3) His dark actions began to scare him (especially the murder of Carew) and he
decided to stop taking the potion.
4) After a time, he grew bored of being virtuous and good. He had dark thoughts and
desires and these thoughts caused him to transform into Hyde spontaneously
(suddenly) in broad daylight.
5) As Hyde, he begged Lanyon to help him fetch the correct chemicals. Lanyon
witnessed his transformation back into Jekyll.
6) After that night he had to take a double dose of potion every 6 hours to stop Hyde
from breaking out. Eventually the potion ran out – as the chemicals were no longer
available.
7) He uses the last of the potion to ‘buy time’ to write the Statement.
Dr Jekyll is forced to stop taking the potion during this part of the text. His motivation is…
+although, it could also be guilt / selfishness / fear… +because….. More specifically…
Write x1 well-crafted sentence: At the resolution of the novel, we understand that Jekyll’s
biggest weakness as a character is… +more precisely…
Closed Book: Do NOT use key word sheet
Degenerate
means…
The Victorian Middle Classes often had anxiety that civilisation was becoming
degenerate. In other words…
Chapter 1: The Story of the Door
p. 3
What is Mr Utterson’s job?
Find the quotation that
suggests Mr Utterson is
socially awkward and
boring but somehow
likable.
++ “Though he enjoyed the
theatre, [Mr Utterson] had
not crossed the doors of
one for twenty years.”
What does this line
suggest about Utterson’s
character? (+in what way
is he a stereotypical
Victorian gentleman)
It suggests that, even though he takes pleasure from the theatre, he
has suppressed his desire to attend plays or shows for 20 years. He
probably worries that the fun and excitement of the theatre might lead
him to think sinful thoughts. +In context, the type of theatre implied
here might be Victorian music-hall where burlesque* dance shows were
often sexually suggestive.
Suppress Pleasure sinful/ decadent
“he had an approved
tolerance for others;
sometimes wondering,
almost with envy, at the
high pressure of spirits
involved in their
misdeeds”
In other words…
“I incline to Cain’s heresy
[sin]… I let my brother go
to the devil in his own
way”
In other words… Mr Utterson tends not to get involved in other people’s
affairs, even if they are sinful ones.
++ this is an allusion to… A Biblical story. Cain is asked where his
brother, Abel, is. Cain replies “Am, I my brother’s keeper?” +In other
words – “that’s not my business”.
“[Mr Utterson was often]
the last reputable
acquaintance and the last
good influence in the lives
of down-going men”.
In other words…
P.4
Who is Mr Enfield?
What do Mr Enfield and
Mr Utterson do together
each week? What is
unusual about these
excursions?
P.5
Find x4
quotations
about the
strange
door they
see:
1) neglected
2) It is as if
it is
Diseased
3) Secret
4) Evil
looking
p.6
Where had Mr Enfield
been? What might this
imply about Mr Enfield?
p.6
Enfield describes Hyde as
“like some dammed
juggernaut*” which
implies…
*1. A large heavy machine (truck or train).
2. A powerful, unstoppable force.
p.7
Why is it significant that
the ‘cut and dry’ doctor
who is ‘as emotional as a
bagpipe’ ‘turned sick and
white with a desire’ to kill
Mr Hyde
Supernatural rational metaphysical
‘killing being out of the
question [they] did the
next best thing’ which
was? + In context, why is
this ‘the next best thing’?
p.8
‘signed with a name I can’t
mention’ Whose name is it
and why can’t Enfield
mention it?
Although he doesn’t name
him, Enfield describes Dr
Jekyll as the “pink of the
proprieties and celebrated
too”
In other words… Dr Jekyll is the very best [the pink] of being proper
and moral and good [the proprieties].
What does Enfield
immediately assume is the
explanation for Hyde being
able to produce this
cheque? +quotation
p.
10
Enfield describes Mr Hyde
as repulsive but struggles
to define exactly why. Find
x3 quotations in which he
tries.
1)
2)
3)
p.11
What does Mr Enfield
mean when he says he is
“ashamed of [his] long
tongue”?
Chapter 2: Search for Mr Hyde
p.12-
13
What precisely does Dr Jekyll’s will
state?
p.13
Why does the will ‘offend’ Mr
Utterson?
(in your own words)
p.14
Why has Dr Lanyon stopped seeing Dr
Jekyll?
“too fanciful for me” “unscientific balderdash”
++ reading more closely, Utterson is
probably “relie[ved]” the pair have
fallen out over science and not…
p.15
Why is Mr Utterson’s imagination
“enslaved” by thoughts of Hyde?
Summarise Utterson’s two nightmares
in your own words
1)
2)
p.16
A labyrinth is…
+and therefore Utterson’s nightmare of Hyde “gliding stealthily” through “labyrinths” of the city seems to
reflect a particularly Victorian urban terror. In other words…
p.16
Why does Utterson ‘haunt the door in
the bystreet of shops’?
p. 18
Why would Hyde give Mr Utterson his
address?
Find the relevant evidence for these paraphrases of Utterson’s description of Hyde
p. 19
He is unusually small
He has an unhealthy complexion
He looks deformed but its hard to put
your finger on exactly why
His smile is unpleasant
His personality is a disturbing mix of
shyness and overconfidence
He creates feelings of disgust and
hatred in Mr Utterson
p.20
He seems like a less evolved human
Perhaps his evil nature has disfigured
his appearance to reflect this nature.
Or perhaps there is simply no real
palpable reason for his aura of
unlikability.
Either way, he clearly seems to have
been marked by the devil
p.20
How iS Dr Jekyll’s front door
described? +What (or who) might this
symbolise? What does the house
overall symbolise?
Duality symbolises/symbolism “blistered and
distained”
p.21
“My mind misgives me he is in deep
waters! He was wild when he was
young…it must be that, the ghost of
some old sin”
In other words…
p.22
What does Utterson;s concern
regarding Jekyll’s situation make him
worry about himself ? But soon
realise?
p.22
Utterson also worries that if Hyde
finds out about the will he might…
Chapter 3: Dr Jekyll was Quite at Ease
p.23
Why do people sometimes like to
“detain” Mr Utterson after other guests
have left?
Find the quotaion that matches the paraphrases below:
Dr Jeykll is tall
Dr Jekyll is attractive and has few
wrinkles or blemishes
There is something slightly sneaky about
his expression
He looks very capable and very
compassionate.
p.24
Dr Jekyll repeatedly calls Dr Lanyon a
“hide-bound pedant” in other words…
Jekyll mentions that Lanyon is distressed
by Jekyll’s “scientific heresies” in other
words…
Find the quotation which hints that
discussion of Hyde causes the latent
(hidden/ concealed) Hyde within Jekyll
to appear momentarily.
An abomination is something that
causes feelings of disgust or loathing.
What does Utterson call abominable
and why?
Dr Jekyll makes excuses with “a certain
incoherency of manner” in other
words…
And says “it is one of those affairs that
cannot be mended by talking” in other
words… +revealing…
p.25
Find the quotation that shows, at this
stage, Jekyll thinks he is in control of his
experiment.
Find the quotation in which Dr Jekyll
(politely) asks Mr Utterson not to
interfere or be nosy.
What are the implications of the phrase
“when I am no longer here”?
Chapter 4: The Carew Murder Case
p.26
Who sees the murder
occur?
p.27
How is the “aged”
gentleman described?
Explain the following quotations
“brandishing” is to wave
something in the air,
often a weapon.
And therefore Hyde is…
A “bound” here means a
boundary. As in ‘out of
bounds’ And therefore
when Hyde “broke out
of all bounds” Which
‘bounds’ is Stevenson
referring to?
A “club” is a thick piece
of wood used as a
weapon. They are most
often associated with…
And therefore “clubbed him to the earth” means…
And implies…
“ape-like #ury”
In other words…
+ clearly alluding to…
“trampling” means
And therefore…
To “hail” means (of a
large number of objects)
to fall or be hurled
forcefully.
And therefore the metaphor “hailing down a storm of blows” implies…
“audibly” in a way that
can be heard
And therefore…
“the body jumped on
the roadway”
In other words…
To “mangle” means to
destroy or severely
damage by tearing or
crushing.
And therefore it is as if…
“Insensate” means
completely lacking sense
or reason.
And therefore… “insensate cruelty” means..
p.28
What is significant about
the walking stick?
P.29
A pall is both: a cloth to
cover a coffin and a dark
cloud of smoke.
Contextually, why is the
fog described as “a great
chocolate-coloured
pall”?
++ why is it “lowered
over heaven” ++Why are
both definitions
relevant?
Describe how the fog
impacts Utterson’s
vision from the cab. In
other words how does
London look? ++ link to
duality.
p. 29
Which line implies Soho
is nightmarish?
Which line implies Soho
and the people there are
dirty and untidy?
p.30
Utterson describes Soho
as “blackguardly
surroundings”
In other words…
p.30
- 31
++ Why might
Stevenson have
deliberately described
how luxurious and
tastefully decorated
Hyde’s rooms are,
before describing the
disarray he has left them
in?
…
p. 31
Why are the police
finding it hard to find
Hyde?
And why are they really
finding it hard to find
Hyde?
Chapter 5: Incident of the letter
Pg.
32 -
33
Which details imply
the Doctor’s
Laboratory (and inner
cabinet) are secretive
and unwelcoming
places?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pg.
33
Why is Dr Jekyll
“deathly sick” and
speaking with a
“changed voice”?
Pg.
34
What does Jekyll mean
when he says, “I was
thinking of my own
character”?
Pg.
35
When Jekyll says he
has “had a lesson”
what does he mean?
What exactly is Mr
Utterson’s “ticklish
decision”?
“a certain apprehension lest the good name of another should be sucked down
the eddy of the scandal”
Who is Mr Guest?
Pg.
36
What is the tone and
atmosphere created by
Stevenson’s imagery to
describe London?
+which image is the
most revealing?
++ why might
Stevenson have used
the language of
chemistry to describe
the wine Guest and
Utterson are drinking?
What is Mr Guest’s
expertise?
Pg.
37
++ What is Utterson
“struggling with
himself” about?
Why do the two men
immediately agree to
never “speak of the
note”?
Pg.
38
Why does Dr Jekyll’s
blood “[run] cold in his
veins”?
Chapter 6: Remarkable Incident of Dr Lanyon
Pg.
39
What have the police
discovered about Mr
Hyde?
++What seems odd
about the discoveries of
his “career” and “life”?
Pg
39 –
40
In what ways does Dr
Jekyll become the model
of a respectable
Victorian Gentleman
again?
1)
2)
3)
Pg.
40
How long does Dr
Jekyll’s return to form
last?
What happens on the
12
th
, 14
th
and 15
th
of
January?
Lanyon looks as though
he has experienced a
“deep-seated terror of
the mind”
In other words…
++
Pg.
41
Lanyon says, “I
sometimes think if we
knew all, we should be
more glad to get away.”
In other words, Lanyon believes…
Death/ die knowledge
Pg.
42
Find the line showing
Jekyll takes
responsibility for his
situation, but also feels
very sorry for himself.
Pg.
43
Pg.
43
What does Utterson
mean when he
questions whether
reading the letter from
Lanyon might ‘cost him’
another friend?
What is the stronge urge
that Utterson feels on
pg.43? How does he
overcome the urge?
Pg.
43-
44
Why does Utterson
desire the company of
Henry Jekyll a bit less
now?
Chapter 7: The Incident at the Window
P. 45
Where do Mr Utterson and
Mr Enfield return to on
their walk?
‘Premature’ means
happening too soon and a
‘Twylight’ is sunset. Who
or what might the
premature twilight by
symbolic of?
p. 46
Mien is someone’s facial
expression. What facial
expression does Dr Jekyll
have?
Disconsolate means
extremely sad and
disappointed. Why does
Stevenson describe Jekyll
as looking ‘like some
disconsolate prisoner’?
What does Jekyll mean
when he says ‘it will not
last long’?
What does the verb
‘struck’ suggest in the line,
‘the smile was struck out of
his face?
What happens to Jekyll
that ‘[freezes] the blood of
the two gentlemen’?
Abject means extreme
(complete and utter). Why
, specifically, does Jekyll
have an expression of
‘abject terror and despair’
p. 47
Both men probably react
by asking ‘God for
forgiveness’ because…
Chapter 8: The Last Night
p.
48
Why does Poole visit
Mr Utterson? What
time does he visit?
P.
49
Poole suspects ‘foul
play’ has occurred.
In other words…
How is the weather
described?
What is particularly
terrifying for Mr
Utterson about the
streets?
P.
50
Upon seeing the
servents gathered in
fear, Utterson reacts
with his all-consuming
concern for propriety.
For example…
p.
52
Find evidence of
Poole’s theory about
what has happened to
Dr Jekyll.
p.
53
What has the person
in the cabinet been
asking for repeatedly?
What has been wrong
with it each time?
p.54
What is Utterson’s
theory about what
has happened to
Jekyll?
p.
55
Does Utterson really
believe in his theory?
If not, why would he
try to persuade Poole
this is what has
happened?
“plain and natural’ ‘delivers us from all exorbitant alarms’
How does Poole
describe the person in
the cabinet (Hyde) as
inhuman and
unnatural? Find
evidence x3
1)
2)
3)
p.
56
Find the simile in
which, once again,
Stevenson portrays
Hyde as a less evolved
creature. +which
Victorian fear does
this invoke?
1)
p.57
Find evidence of how
Stevenson makes the
setting obscure and
secluded.
p.
58
Which detail on this
page is perhaps
intended to create
sympathy for Jekyll?
p.
60
Utterson realises he is
‘looking on the body
of a self- destroyer’
In other words…
p.
61
Which object in the
room clearly
symbolises Jekyll’s
dual nature?
p.
63-
64
Mr Utterson warns
Poole ‘If your master
has fled or is dead, we
may at least save his
credit.’
In other words…
Contextually this is unsurprising as…
p.
64
Chronologically
speaking, what is the
last thing to happen
in the novella?
Chapter 9: Dr Lanyon’s Narrative
p.65
Jekyll claims that ‘my life, my
honour, my reason, are all at
[Lanyon’s] mercy’. How?
P. 66
What, exactly, does Jekyll want
Lanyon to do?
Why does he fear ‘misdirecting’
Lanyon?
p. 67
Jekyll seems to use some
emotional blackmail in his letter.
Find evidence.
Find evidence of Jekyll’s
paranoia and anxiety
p. 68
Lanyon’s immediate reaction is
to assume what?|
p. 69
Read from “The book was… to
…total failure!!!” What,
actually, is this book? What x3
things does the book reveal?
Lanyon ‘loaded an old revolver’.
Why?
p.70
As a doctor, Lanyon uses medical terminology to describe Hyde, and the uncanny effect that Hyde has on
him.
Great muscular activity
In other words..
Great apparent debility of
constitution
In other words..
The odd, subjective disturbance
caused by his neighbourhood
In other words..
Incipient rigour
In other words..
Marked sinking of pulse
In other words..
++ Why does Stevenson portray
Lanyon as using this
exagerratedly scientific
language?
Rationalise supernatural
‘nobler hinge than the principle of hatred’
p. 71
Why is Hyde wearing clothes,
“Enormously too large for him in
every measurement.”?
Find evidence that Hyde makes
Dr Lanyon’s blood run cold.
++ find the identical effect in
chapter 8
p. 73
Hyde taunts Lanyon to be
scientifically curious. Find
evidence
1)
2)
‘ Your sight shall be blasted by a
prodigy* to stagger the unbelief
of Satan’
*a prodigy is an amazing or
unusual thing, especially one
out of the ordinary course of
nature.
In other words…
p.74
And now, you who have so long
been bound to the most narrow
and material views, you who
have denied the virtue of
transcendental medicine, you
who have
derided your
superiors – behold!”
Hyde’s tone is triumphant, in other words he taunts Lanyon…
Why does Lanyon scream ‘O
God!’
Which lines implies Lanyon
struggles to confront truths
which upset his world view?
1)
2)
Which line suggests this new
knowledge has fundamentally
disrupted his view of the world?
++ contextually, which new
knowledge might this represent
for Victorians?
Yet it is Jekyll’s ‘moral
turpitude*’ that most upsets
Lanyon.
*Turpitude is depraved or
wicked behaviour
In other words…
Chapter 10: Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case – part 1
p. 76
“I was inclined by nature to
industry, fond of the respect of
the wise and good among my
fellow-men, and thus with every
guarantee of an honourable and
distinguished future.”
In other words Henry Jekyll was…
“the worst of my faults was a
certain impatient gaiety of
disposition… I found it hard to
reconcile with my imperious
desire to carry my head high…
hence it came about that I
concealed my pleasures”
However, he had…
Which…
And so…
p.77
+ “a deeper trench than in the
majorty of men, severed in me
those provinces of good and ill
which divide and compound
man’s dual nature.”
In other words…
“My scientific studies…drew
steadily nearer to that truth, by
whose discovery I have been
doomed to such a dreadful
shipwreck: that man is not truly
one, but truly two.
In other words…
p. 78
“If each [ of my dual natures]
could but be housed in separate
identities, life would be relieved
of all that was unbearable.”
In other words, Jekyll believes life would be more bearable if…
+The verb “housed” is particularly significant because…
Hyde enjoys the act of being Hyde act first. Find the lines which show the following:
p. 80
The feelings of turning into Hyde
was so out of the ordinary it felt
immensely pleasurable.
Jekyll felt more content and
energetic in Hyde’s body
He felt as though the constraints
of social expectations were
dissolved
He immediately felt 10 times as
evil.
p. 81
”The evil side of my nature was
less robust and less developed
than the good…in the course of
my life, which had been, after all,
nine-tenths a life of effort, virtue,
and control, it had been much
less exercised and much less
exhausted.”
In other words, we discover Hyde is physically smaller because…
Even as good shone upon the
countenance of the one, evil was
written broadly and plainly on the
face of the other. Evil besides…
had left on that body an imprint
of deformity and decay.
In other words….
+ perhaps another reference to the discredited Victorian theory of…
“All human beings are
commingled out of good and evil:
and Edward Hyde, alone in the
ranks of mankind, was pure evil.”
In other words…
Pg.
82
“The drug had no discriminating
action; it was neither diabolical
nor divine; it but shook the doors
of the prisonhouse of my
disposition… that which stood
within ran forth”
In other words, the drug itself is neutral and therefore…
Pg.
84
Jekyll does not ‘go into the
details’ of his crimes, but
describes them as “monstrous”
and “vicarious depravity” – Why
doesn’t he name them?
Pg.
84
Hyde] was a being inherently
malign and villainous; his every
act and thought centred on self;
drinking pleasure with bestial
avidity from any degree of
torture to another; relentless like
a man of stone.
In other words, Jekyll describes Hyde as…
Pg.
84
Jekyll says his “conscience
slumbered”
In other words…
Pg.
85 -
86
What happens for the first time, 2
months before the murder of Sir
Danvers Carew?
Pg.
87
Why has the body of Hyde grown
in ‘stature’ = size?
Chapter 10: Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case – part 2: p.g 87 - 99
Pg
87
Find evidence that Jekyll’s body
has increased its tolerance to
the drug.
Pg.
88
“I was slowly losing hold of my
original and better self, and
becoming slowly incorporated
with my second and worse.”
In other words, Jekyll recognises the danger…
Pg.
88
Between these two [sides], I
now felt I had to choose... the
terms of
this debate are as old
and commonplace as man; [and
like] so vast a majority of my
fellows, I chose the better part
and was
found wanting in the
strength to keep to it.
In other words, Jekyll feels as though he has to make a choice
between..
+but like many he…
Pg.
89
“My devil had been long caged,
he came out roaring…Instantly
the spirit of hell awoke in me
and raged. With a
transport of
glee, I mauled the unresisting
body, tasting delight from every
blow.”
The murder of Carew happens because…
And it feels…
Pg.
91
“The problem of my conduct
was solved. Hyde was
thenceforth impossible;
whether I would or not, I was
now confined to the better part
of my existence; and oh, how I
rejoiced to think it!
In other words, Jekyll is ultimately forced to ‘give up’ Hyde, not as a
result of will power, but because…
Pg.
93
I sat in the sun on a bench; I
reflected, I was like my
neighbours; and then I smiled,
comparing myself with other
men, comparing
my active
goodwill with [their] lazy
cruelty. And at the very moment
of that vainglorious thought… I
began to be aware of
a change
in the temper of my thoughts, a
greater boldness, a contempt of
danger, a solution of the bonds
of obligation.
In other words, in the exact moment when Jekyll thinks…
And feels…
He begins to…
Which feels….
Pg.
93 -
95
Find x3 examples of Hyde
described using animalistic
imagery
1)
2)
3)
Pg.
95
Find evidence of Jekyll
disassociating himself from
Hyde
Pg.
95
The powers of Hyde seemed to
have grown with the sickliness
of Jekyll.
In other words, Jekyll describes how…
+ pg.
96
Jekyll describes Hyde as a ‘co-
heir with him in death’.
In other words….
Pg.
99
Will Hyde die upon the scaffold?
Or will he find courage to
release himself at the last
moment? God knows; I am
careless; this is my true hour of
death, and what is to follow
concerns another than myself.
Here then, as I lay down the pen
and proceed to seal up my
confession, I bring the life of
that unhappy Henry Jekyll to an
end.
In other words Jekyll considers his ‘true hour of death’ to be when …
He says what is to follow concerns ‘ another than myself’ in other
words…
Lanyon’s New Province of Knowledge
Do –now: Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekyll are presented as differing fundamentally in their approach to Science.
More specifically… +whereas…
Lanyon’s role in the novel is to act as a sort of scientific foil to Dr Jekyll. In other words, Lanyon and
Jekyll have different attitudes to science and discovery.
More precisely… +for example x 2
Stevenson uses Lanyon to portray a more rational, practical and traditional approach to Science. This is
particularly evident in the final moments of chapter 9… (explore evidence x3-5)
+Contextually, Lanyon’s fears are unsurprising. More specifically…
+++ Stevenson portrays Lanyon as using pointedly scientific language when describing Hyde, perhaps to
demonstrate the failure of the rational in the face of the mystic and trancendental. More specifically… It
is almost as if…
a.
‘unscientific Balderdash’
b. ‘Scientific heresies’
c. ‘Hyde bound pedant’
d. ‘ Too fanciful for me’
e. ‘I sometimes think if we knew all we should be more glad to get
away’ c.6
f. ‘The odd, subjective disturbance caused by his neighbourhood’
c9
g. ‘I have since had reason to believe the cause to lie much
deeper in the nature of man, and to turn on some nobler hinge
than the principle of hatred.’ C9
h. And now, you who have so long been bound to the most narrow
and material views, you who have denied the virtue of
transcendental medicine, you who have derided
your superiors –
behold!” c9
i.
foil
ii. Victorian fear of Scientific
progress
iii. Darwin’s Theory of
Evolution shook the
foundations of many
Victorian’s belief systems.
iv. The dual nature of all
mankind
v. Mystical/ supernatural/
experimental
vi. Rational and materialist
vii. The line that reveals the
most is…
Write 2 Pages: How does Stevenson
use the character of Dr Lanyon to
explore ideas about Science?
You should write about how:
• The ideas about Science
explored through Dr Lanyon in
this extract
• How Stevenson uses the
character of Dr Lanyon in the
novel as a whole
What he told me in the next hour, I cannot bring my mind to set
on paper. I saw what I saw, I heard what I heard, and my soul
sickened at it; and yet now when that sight has faded from my
eyes, I ask myself if I believe it, and I cannot answer. My life is
shaken to its roots; sleep has left me; the deadliest terror sits by
me at all hours of the day and night; I feel that my days are
numbered, and that I must die; and yet I shall die incredulous. As
for the moral turpitude that man unveiled to me, even with tears
of penitence, I cannot, even in memory, dwell on it without a start
of horror. I will say but one thing, Utterson, and that (if you can
bring your mind to credit it) will be more than enough. The
creature who crept into my house that night was, on Jekyll’s own
confession, known by the name of Hyde and hunted for in every
corner of the land as the murderer of Carew.
Band 1
0
5
Mostly: Narrative / Descriptive
This looks like:
I say what happens in the text (I might not be familiar
with the whole text).
Band 2
6
10
Mostly: Relevant and supported
This looks like:
I answer the question asked with some relevant evidence
and I comment on my evidence (In other words…)
Band 3
11
15
Mostly: Explanatory
This looks like:
• I answer the full task with
relevant evidence and I explain my ideas.
• I relate the ideas in the text to the context of the text.
Band 4
16
20
Mostly: Clear, sustained, consistent
This looks like:
• I give a range of relevant, well supported points and explain
a range of the writer’s choices (methods).
• I clearly see the text as a construct.
• I relate the writer’s choices to the context(s).
Band 5
21
25
Mostly: Developed and detailed
This looks like:
• I explore in detail the writer’s choice of specific techniques:
• (language and/or structure),
• I use integrated references (embedded in my argument).
• I explore how the writer’s choices are influenced by the context.
• I might explore Author’s purpose (“deeper meaning”)
• and/ or Alternative interpretations/ perspectives: (This could mean.. Perhaps… +on the
other hand…)
Band 6
26
30
Mostly: Critical and well structured
This looks like:
• I form an argument in response to the question and I develop my idea through using the most
relevant quotations judiciously (with good judgement).
• I explore the writer’s choice of specific techniques (language and structure) in “fine grained”
detail.
• I make specific and detailed links between contexts, text and task.
• I convincingly explore different perspectives and alternative
• interpretations.
Must use quotations to
cross this line
Must answer the full
task to cross this
line.
Must mention the
writer to cross this
line
Must use subject
terminology to
cross this line.
A01, A02 & A03 mark scheme -IC, J&H, R&J (Poetry – also Comparison)
Ao4: spelling Punctuation and Grammar
Threshold:
1 mark
Limited accuracy in spelling, punctuation and sentence structure but the learner’s
spelling and punctuation does not hinder meaning in the response.
Intermediate :
2 – 3 marks
Learners spell and punctuate with considerable accuracy, and use a considerable range
of vocabulary and sentence structures to achieve general
control of meaning.
High: 4 marks
Learners spell and punctuate with consistent accuracy, and consistently use
vocabulary and sentence structures to achieve effective control of
meaning.